John Locke
Nació 29 August 1632 · Murió 28 October 1704
John Locke, conocido en general como el padre del liberalismo, fue un filósofo y médico inglés considerado uno de los pensadores más influyentes de la Ilustración. Se le reconoce como el primero de los empiristas británicos, y su importancia es igual de grande en la teoría del contrato social. Su obra tuvo un enorme impacto en el desarrollo de la epistemología y de la filosofía política. Sus escritos influyeron en Voltaire y Rousseau, en numerosos pensadores de la Ilustración escocesa y en los revolucionarios estadounidenses. Sus aportaciones al republicanismo clásico y a la teoría liberal se reflejan en la Declaración de Independencia de los Estados Unidos.
La teoría de la mente de Locke suele citarse como el origen de las concepciones modernas de la identidad y del yo, y tuvo un papel destacado en la obra de filósofos posteriores como Hume, Rousseau y Kant. Locke fue el primero en definir el yo a partir de una continuidad de la conciencia. Postuló que la mente era una tabula rasa, una hoja en blanco. A diferencia de la filosofía cartesiana que la precedió, sostuvo que nacemos sin ideas innatas y que el conocimiento se determina únicamente por la experiencia derivada de la percepción sensorial.<sup>1</sup>
Citas
“No man's knowledge here can go beyond his experience.”
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book IIEn inglés “Good and evil, reward and punishment, are the only motives to a rational creature: these are the spur and reins whereby all mankind are set on work, and guided.”
Some Thoughts Concerning EducationEn inglés “We are all a sort of camelions, that still take a tincture from things near us; nor is it to be wonder'd at in children, who better understand what they see than what they hear.”
Some Thoughts Concerning EducationEn inglés “It is one thing to show a man that he is in error, and another to put him in possession of the truth.”
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book IVEn inglés “Thus parents, by humouring and cockering them when little, corrupt the principles of nature in their children, and wonder afterwards to taste the bitter waters, when they themselves have poison'd the fountain.”
Some Thoughts Concerning EducationEn inglés
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Los libros de John Locke en orden
Los libros de John Locke en el orden en que se publicaron, de An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689) a Two Treaties of Government (Annotated) (2021).
- 1An Essay Concerning Human Understanding
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding1689 - 2Carta Sobre La Tolerancia
Carta Sobre La Tolerancia1689 - 3Two Treatises on Government
Two Treatises on Government1689 - 4Essay Concerning the True Original Extent and End of Civil G
Essay Concerning the True Original Extent and End of Civil Government1691 - 5Some Thoughts Concerning Education
Some Thoughts Concerning Education1693 - 6The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scri
The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scriptures1695 - 7A Common-place Book to the Holy Bible
A Common-place Book to the Holy Bible1697 - 8The Works of John Locke
The Works of John Locke1714 - 9A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr. John Locke
A Collection of Several Pieces of Mr. John Locke1720 - 10The Reasonableness of Christianity
The Reasonableness of Christianity1740 - 11The Conduct of the Understanding
The Conduct of the Understanding1781 - 12The Philosophical Works of John Locke
The Philosophical Works of John Locke1843 - 13Philosophical Works
Philosophical Works1854 - 14Of the Conduct of the Understanding
Of the Conduct of the Understanding1859 - 15Two Treatises on Civil Government
Two Treatises on Civil Government1884 - 16Locke's Travels in France, 1675-1679
Locke's Travels in France, 1675-16791953 - 17Essays on the Law of Nature
Essays on the Law of Nature1954 - 18The Second Treatise on Civil Government (Great Books in Phil
The Second Treatise on Civil Government (Great Books in Philosophy)1956 - 19John Locke's Of the Conduct of the Understanding
John Locke's Of the Conduct of the Understanding1966 - 20Two Tracts on Government
Two Tracts on Government1967 - 21An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 1690
An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, 16901970 - 22The Empiricists
The Empiricists1974 - 23Political Writings
Political Writings1993 - 24Two Treaties of Government (Annotated)Two Treaties of Government (Annotated)2021