De consolatione philosophiae

Ancinus Boethius (ca. 480-524 AD) came from a politically connected family. He was a Roman senator by the age of 25, eventually becoming a Consul, as was his father and eventually both of his sons. Although these roles were political, he was primarily a philosopher who valued principle. Perhaps it was inevitable that he would fall out on the wrong side of a political issue. About 524, he was arrested for treason, stripped of all of his property and imprisoned in exile in Pavia, knowing that he would eventually be killed. He claimed that evidence against him was fabricated and he was innocent; there is no way to know now.

While he was in prison, Boethius wrote this book. In this allegorical prose and verse conversation between himself and the character of Philosophy, the author looks clearly at the coincidences and vagaries of fortune, the meaning of happiness, the aspects of free will, and the roles of good and evil. He uses Philosophy's instruction to comfort and enlighten him, a philosopher to the end.

In 524 or 525 AD, Boethius was tortured and bludgeoned to death. He died that day, but the wealth he left in Consolation of Philosophy is timeless. Rich in references to many classical scholars, this book was a staple of medieval Europe's study, and underpins later works by Dante and Chaucer.

So why read an old book like this now? Life is hard, bad things happen, the veneer of civilization is thin.